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Do Ameryki i w Ameryce (To America and in America)

Kalikst Wolski · 1876 · Polish — primary, as act

Transcription: doc/text/books/1800/wolski/reunion_excerpt/polish_clean.md, doc/text/books/1800/wolski/reunion_excerpt/english_clean.md (chs XXI, XXIII–XXVI); also Coleman's English excerpt doc/text/books/1800/wolski/new_light.pdf and the full Polish scan doamerykiiwamer00wolsgoog.pdf

What it is

The travel memoir of a Polish émigré who was among the first colonists at La Reunion, covering his arrival, the colony's brief life, and its unraveling (May–Nov 1855). Published Lwów 1876, but built on a diary kept on the spot — chapters XXIV and XXVI are dated near-contemporaneous journal entries. The Réunion chapters (XXI, XXIII–XXVI) are transcribed + translated; XXII is an unrelated frontier tale, skipped.

Author's position

A "forty-eighter" Pole. He and Cousin led the first party (left Europe in winter, reached America end of Feb 1855, the colony 3 May 1855). Spoke English, so he became the colony's interpreter and its agent in Dallas, riding in daily on colony business — giving him an unusual view of both the colony and the Dallas-side dealings (land, the merchant "Gold," the meat market). Left ~15 Nov 1855 as the colony broke up.

Stake

Lower than the other primary-as-act voices, and that matters. Wolski was not management, not a shareholder, not a faction, and the venture was not his to defend — so his account is less self-exculpatory than [[savardan]]'s or [[burkli]]'s. He is broadly sympathetic to the project and notably generous to Considerant's ability ("wise men's errors are proportional to their wisdom"). The 1876 framing and literary set-pieces (a long Chateaubriand quotation; the rattlesnake-"magnetism" tales; Mme Considerant's "cedar salon") are an author performing for readers — separate the reportage from the embellishment.

Access

First-hand on the founding and the collapse, May–Nov 1855; the interpreter's window onto Dallas; a contemporaneous diary. Absent after mid-Nov 1855 — he left as the share-redemption began, so he witnesses the start of the corporate unwind (Leguay reclaiming 10,000 fr in kind; Considerant's 25¢/acre relocation plan) but not its completion.

Known distortions / how to weight

Cross-references

[[savardan]] · [[burkli]] · [[considerant-du-texas]] (the four primary-as-act voices that diverge on why it failed), [[beecher]] (draws on Wolski's journal). Events/claims attach in TIMELINE.md (roadmap).


Timeline extraction

Wolski timeline — events extracted from the eyewitness diary

Source: Kalikst Wolski, Do Ameryki i w Ameryce (Lwów, 1876), Part II, chs. XXIII–XXVI — the Réunion chapters. Translation in doc/text/books/1800/wolski/reunion_excerpt/english_clean.md; page numbers below are the printed book pages ⟨ ⟩.

Why this source matters: Wolski is the only contemporaneous eyewitness who kept a dated diary on the ground (1855.05–11). Where the promoters (Considerant) and the later memoirists (Savardan, Cordillot) reconstruct, Wolski dates. Format matches TIMELINE.md for later merge.

Dated events (the diary spine)

1854.??.?? - Considerant's letter reaches Wolski (New York): the Brussels society will
             send "the first pioneers... numbering 40, by sailing ship from Antwerp to
             New Orleans"; asks Wolski to receive them at New Orleans and guide them to
             Texas [chs XII-XIII area, PDF ~124-125; OCR pass, untranscribed]
1854.11.01 - Wolski sails New York -> New Orleans (Capt. Klark's sailing ship); towed
             onto the Mississippi 11.17; waits ~3 months at New Orleans [ch. XIV, book
             p. 180-181; OCR pass]
1854.12.?? - Cantagrel reaches Dallas from Belgium "five months earlier" than the
             3 May arrival; holds funds + authorization from the Brussels committee ⟨277⟩
1855.02.20 - newspapers announce "the ship 'Lexington', on which the colonists sent
             from Antwerp were sailing (whose name I knew from Considerant's letter)"
             in quarantine, due at New Orleans in 38 hours [ch. XVII, book p. 221]
1855.02.~22 - Lexington docks at New Orleans; Cousin ("commander of the 34 first
             colonists") greets Wolski by name off the gangplank; 3 days unloading
             (incl. fruit-tree seedling crates -> Ursuline convent yard); ~10 days
             buying tents + provisions [ch. XVII, book pp. 221-222]
1855.03.?? - (early March) the party takes the steamer "South America" New Orleans ->
             Galveston, 48h, deck passage by choice; thence Houston [ch. XVII, book
             pp. 222-224]
1855.04.?? - the ox convoy leaves Houston: "37 people (that is, 33 of us, for three
             remained in Houston, and four wagoners)", 20 yoke, 4 wagons, 3 ponies;
             32-day march [ch. XXI ⟨251⟩]
1855.05.03 - Wolski/Cousin convoy reaches Réunion after 32 days' march from Houston;
             finds one house ready, a second begun, a separate kitchen ⟨276–280⟩ [XXIII]
1855.05.04 - diary opens; gardeners fence + plant the vegetable garden ⟨289⟩
1855.05.?? - first trial of the "exchange" (weekly labour assignment, modeled on the
             North American Phalanx); held only "for form's sake" — too few hands ⟨283–284⟩
1855.05.14 - 11 days in; building slows (French/Belgian carpenters careful but slow);
             plank bunk-beds built into the great house; Pastor Allen (Pietist, Ohio)
             visiting; news that Considerant is in Washington (saw the US President),
             heading to New York where his wife, Mme Vigoureux, and Mme Cantagrel have
             arrived; Savardan left Le Havre ~a month earlier with 75 ⟨283–288⟩
1855.06.05 - 2nd house up, 3rd nearly done; council resolves to build smaller houses
             (house families separately, avoid "communism in private life") ⟨288–289⟩
1855.06.~17 - Considerant arrives ("a few days ago" per the 20 June entry) with his
             wife, Mme Vigoureux, Mme Cantagrel, two exiled ex-deputies, and several
             Paris/Brussels editors; 4 little houses built in the prior fortnight ⟨290⟩
1855.07.10 - word from Corsicana: Savardan "in five or six days"; ten penniless French
             émigrés reach Dallas wanting an Icaria-model colony (Wolski helps them) ⟨295–297⟩
1855.07.~17 - Savardan arrives ("three days ago" per the 20 July entry) with 75, many
             of them wives; tailor Maget (ex-Icaria) has sown discord en route ⟨298–300⟩
1855.08.15 - many sick; Vezian (ex-lieutenant, 25) and Ruppert (Swiss, ex-Paris editor)
             die; the spring runs dry; merchant Gold low on salt and sugar ⟨300–301⟩
1855.09.01 - 6 more dead in 15 days; Dallas doctors examine, fearing an epidemic, and
             tell the European doctors to treat more aggressively; no salt/sugar ⟨302⟩
1855.10.01 - mortality eases (2 deaths vs. 8 of ~130 in August); malcontents leave for
             Dallas and open an inn; Considerant holds off buying more sections; César
             Daly (editor, *Revue d'architecture*, came to direct the buildings) leaves
             for Panama; shareholders begin arriving to recover capital in kind ⟨303–304⟩
1855.11.01 - Belgian shareholder Leguay demands his 10,000 fr back in kind (land, oxen,
             horses) per the statutes, buys sections, hires Belgian colonists as wage
             labour; Bürkli's Swiss arrive into general disintegration; Cantagrel plans
             to return to Belgium; Considerant has bought several thousand acres near
             Austin at 25¢/acre to move the survivors; Cousin to stay and hand land back
             to shareholders ⟨304–306⟩
1855.11.15 - Bussy and Wolski leave the colony ⟨306⟩

Specific items (figures, names, mechanisms)

Reconciliation with TIMELINE.md


Names

Wolski — colonist references

Every reference Kalikst Wolski makes to a La Reunion colonist (named individuals and collective/unnamed groups), extracted verbatim from the source. Organized by arrival cohort (Wolski is an eyewitness to the founding party and the collapse, May–Nov 1855, so his roster maps onto the arrival waves).

Source: Kalikst Wolski, Do Ameryki i w Ameryce (Lwów, 1876), chs XXI, XXIII–XXVI. Quotes from the English translation doc/text/books/1800/wolski/reunion_excerpt/english_clean.md (Polish: polish_clean.md). Locators are the printed book-page numbers carried inline in the transcription, e.g. ⟨285⟩; chapter given where useful.

Caveat (see dossier.md): Wolski is the colony's interpreter and Dallas agent — an unusually well-placed but low-stake witness, not management or shareholder. First-hand May–Nov 1855; absent after ~15 Nov 1855, so he sees the start of the corporate unwind, not its end. Separate his reportage from the 1876 literary set-pieces (Chateaubriand, the rattlesnake-"magnetism" tales, the "cedar salon").

Spelling variants worth logging (identity resolution):


Leadership / founders

Victor Considerant — founder

Resolves to [[considerant-du-texas]]. Wolski is notably generous to his ability.

François Cantagrel — advance agent, "commander-in-chief"

The man on the ground who chose and bought the site and built Réunion.


First party (arrived Réunion 3 May 1855; led by Wolski & Cousin)

Kalikst Wolski — the author (self-references)

Interpreter and the colony's agent in Dallas; co-led the first party.

Cousin — co-leader of the first party

(Vincent Cousin; cf. [[savardan]] index.) Wolski's closest companion.

Roger — medical student, University of Brussels

Came to America with Cantagrel; the colony's nominal doctor in this period.


Considerant's family party (arrived ~20 June 1855)

Mme (Julie) Considerant — the founder's wife

The only real portrait of a woman at the colony (fills the women gap). Whole of chapter XXV; the "cedar salon."

Mme Vigoureux — Considerant's mother-in-law

(Clarisse Vigoureux.) Named only as the wife's mother.

Mme Cantagrel — Cantagrel's wife

(Also in this party: "two ex-members of the French legislative chamber" in exile and "several editors of various Paris and Brussels papers" — the unnamed "staff of the commander-in-chief"; see Collective.)


Savardan's party (arrived 20 July 1855; ~75 people)

Doctor Auguste Savardan — colony physician, column leader

Resolves to [[savardan]]. Headcount discrepancy to log: Wolski says 75; Beecher (via Savardan) says 43 (dossier).

Maget — tailor; the faction-maker

Joined at New Orleans; ex-Icarian. The named source of the colony's discord.

Bussy — ex-subprefect of Avranches

"Very enlightened and sensible." Leaves with Wolski at the end.

Vezian — ex-lieutenant from Algiers — died, age 25

Ruppert — Swiss-born Paris journalist — died


Swiss party (arrived early Nov 1855; led by Bürkli)

Karl Bürkli ("Birqui")

Resolves to [[burkli]]. Wolski dates the Swiss arrival to ~Nov 1855 — the key reconciliation point against Bürkli's own "July 1855" / "the following month" chronology (see [[burkli]] timeline).


Other attached members

César Daly ("Dailly") — buildings director

Leguay — Belgian shareholder


Collective / unnamed colonists


Named non-colonists (excluded — recorded so the omission is auditable)