Timeline

99 dated events of the colony, 1852 to 1901, each with the witnesses who attest it. Where they disagree, open the note under the event. The full file — conventions, the press, the cemetery, the property tables — is time.html.

Genesis — Considérant's first Texas trip (1852–53)

From hammond and santerre, which independently narrate the site-selection trip (both retellings of Au Texas, so not fully independent of each other).

28 Nov 1852

Considérant leaves Antwerp on his first US trip; sails Liverpool 12.01, lands New York ~12.14, winters ~6 weeks at the North American Phalanx, NJ

‹santerre›; hammond · note

[‹santerre VI›; hammond II]

note: santerre 12.14 vs hammond "about two weeks" after 1 Dec — agree to within days.

30 Apr 1853

Considérant and Brisbane leave the Great Lakes for Texas via Cincinnati, Little Rock and Fort Smith

‹hammond›; santerre · note

[‹hammond II›; santerre]

corrob: santerre dates Fort Smith 05.19; they reach Fort Worth and Bryan's cabin, and Considérant fixes on the site ~3 mi W of Dallas.

5 Aug 1853

Considérant and Brisbane reach New York on the return (Colorado, Austin, Galveston ~07.01, New Orleans, Havana) ‹hammond›; santerre

29 Aug 1853

Considérant reaches Ostend — a nine-month trip ‹hammond›; santerre

Founding and recruitment (1854 – spring 1855)

From the Brussels act to the ships' landfall at New York and New Orleans.

May 1854

Au Texas published — the recruiting instrument the SCEAT statutes (art. 1) name as the colony's purpose

‹hammond›; santerre · note

[‹hammond III› (Paris); santerre VI (Brussels, with the company articles)]

note: place of publication diverges, Paris [hammond] vs Brussels [santerre]; both 1854.

26 Sep 1854

SCEAT / EACS declared constituted at Brussels — Considérant, Bureau, Guillon, Godin-Lemaire; the act reprinted in hammond App. C

‹sceat-statutes›; hammond; santerre · 2 notes, one open

[‹sceat-statutes›; hammond; santerre]

diverge: cordillot✗ gives 1854.09.14, probably the agreement vs the act. Favour 09.26. UNRESOLVED.

diverge: capital — hammond 5,250,000 fr vs santerre 5,400,000 fr (both = $1M). Defer to the statute text.

3 Oct 1854

Cantagrel and Roger leave Brussels for America; met at New York by John Allen and Bourgeois ‹savardan›; hammond; santerre

27 Oct 1854

Cantagrel and Roger arrive New York, to go overland via Cincinnati ‹hammond›

late 1854

Cantagrel, with the surveyor Cousin and the dozen Frenchmen and Belgians already there, contracts the colony tracts from former Peters Colony owners: Horton 320, McCracken 640, Coombs 640, Griffin 320, Reed 160 ≈ 2,080 acres

‹santerre› · open question

[‹santerre VI›]

open: santerre is the source of the "≈2,080 acres"; check each survey against deeds.py (the Griffin/Reed discrepancy). UNRESOLVED.

Dec 1854

Cantagrel reaches Dallas with funds and the Brussels committee's authorization

‹wolski›; burkli · 2 notes, one open

[‹wolski ⟨277⟩›; burkli]

cause: burkli's first letter from Cantagrel (~Dec 1854) — nearly all North Texas reserved by the legislature for a Pacific railroad company, so no state land was buyable; hence the costly private-farm purchases.

diverge: hammond✗ has Cantagrel still en route in Feb 1855. Favour Dec 1854 (two contemporaries). UNRESOLVED.

7 Jan 1855

James Knight conveys Considérant a league and labor (certificate 3169/3270), "probably the first land purchased," $100 / 320 acres

‹hammond› · note

[‹hammond App D / VI›]

open: check against deeds.py (Considérant as grantee; the McLaughlin certificate chain).

4 Feb 1855

Considérant arrives at New York on his second voyage, to a cascade of reverses — the costlier site, no American support, abolition-suspicion blocking a land grant, settlers already en route ‹cordillot›

21 Feb 1855

the Uriel (from Antwerp, ~211 aboard) arrives at New York ‹manifest›

24 Feb 1855

the Lexington (from Le Havre, ~267 listed) arrives at New Orleans ‹manifest›

28 Feb 1855

Savardan's group (~45) embarks at Le Havre on the Nuremberg

‹savardan›; hammond; santerre · 2 notes

[‹savardan›; hammond; santerre]

note: savardan's text prints "1853"; corrected to 1855 from ch. II.

note: hammond's chain (Azores 12 Mar → New Orleans → Galveston 5 May → Réunion 16 June) is second-hand from Savardan and inherits his 06.16 arrival misdate (see 1855.07.17).

16 Mar 1855

L.G. Coombs receives his land patent

‹pratt› · open question

[‹pratt›]

open: the Coombs→Cantagrel transfer is not yet in the deeds. UNRESOLVED.

1 Apr 1855

Raisant arrives; ~24 persons present (1 woman, 2 youths, 2 children) ‹pratt›

12 Apr 1855

Bürkli's group (27 Swiss) said to sail from Bremen

‹beecher›; considerant-du-texas; burkli✗; wolski✗ · note

[‹beecher›; considerant-du-texas; burkli✗; wolski✗]

RESOLVED by the Franziska manifest (1855.07.04): Bremen 13 May → Galveston 4 July — beecher a month early, burkli's "arrived July" confirmed; wolski's ~Nov Swiss may be a second wave.

21 Apr 1855

the Nuremberg arrives at New Orleans ‹manifest›; savardan; hammond; santerre

The colony (May 1855 – July 1856)

The parties arrive, the Société de Réunion is constituted, the ~130 peak, the sickness, the reimbursement-in-kind exodus, the lawsuits, and the winter that followed.

3 May 1855

Cousin, Wolski et al. reach Réunion after a 32-day march from Houston; one house ready, a second begun ‹wolski›

7 May 1855

the National Intelligencer reports ~40 French emigrants passing Anderson for Dallas; Considérant "proposed to introduce about two thousand this year" ‹hammond›

16 May 1855

Cantagrel reports 51 persons at Réunion

‹pratt› · note

[‹pratt p158›]

RESOLVED: no conflict with the ~24 of 04.01 — the jump is the 05.03 arrival; colonists.py reproduces both waypoints.

17 May 1855

51⅛ acres bought near Houston as a way-station for incoming colonists

‹hammond› · note

[‹hammond VI›]

note: same day savardan ⟨796⟩ has Considérant leaving Houston ahead of the convoy — distinct events.

15 Jun 1855

Considérant et al. arrive at Réunion

‹wolski› · note

[‹wolski›]

note: Wolski's diary implies ~06.17 ⟨290⟩; a two-day spread.

4 Jul 1855

the Franziska (Bürkli's ~31 Swiss from Bremen — Bürkli, Baer, Boll, Long, Frick, Knœpfli, Studer, the Nägelis) lands at Galveston; Nussbaumer not aboard

‹manifest›; burkli; cordillot✗ · note

[‹manifest: doc/colonists/ships/franziska›; burkli; cordillot✗]

corrects: cordillot's "embarked 12 April / arrived Réunion 5 July" — 4 July is the Galveston landing; the colony was reached weeks later.

17 Jul 1855

Savardan's group (~75) reach Réunion via Houston

‹wolski›; cordillot · note

[‹wolski ⟨298⟩›; cordillot]

diverge: savardan✗ self-dates 06.16, copied by hammond✗. Favour 07.17 (Wolski's 20 July entry + cordillot's explicit correction). RESOLVED.

7 Aug 1855

Société de Réunion constituted in Texas to operate the domaine — Cantagrel directeur; Cousin, Savardan, Bürkli on the conseil; Savardan secretary-treasurer; capital 600,000 $ in 4,800 shares; art. 48 reimbursement-in-kind

‹savardan›; cordillot · note

[‹savardan ⟨182, 1707–1741⟩›; cordillot]

note: the statute text survives only via savardan/cordillot; the withheld "reserved parts" become the pivot of the dissolution fight.

Aug 1855

~130 persons at Réunion, the peak — never the ~300 of the hostile press

‹wolski›; burkli; colas; hammond · note

[‹wolski ⟨303⟩›; burkli ⟨I⟩; colas; hammond]

RESOLVED by triple attestation; hammond's "no more than three hundred" is consistent.

Aug 1855

sickness peak: the spring dry, "6 dead in 15 days" (Vezian, Ruppert named); savardan's register 228 patients, 5 lost

‹wolski›; savardan; colas✗ · open question

[‹wolski ⟨300–302⟩›; savardan ⟨1104⟩; colas✗]

diverge: colas✗ (1 Sept) calls the high ground healthy and pins fever on Dallas; both agree on the drought. UNRESOLVED — the disagreement is the finding.

~Oct 1855

share-reimbursement in kind begins under art. 48: Leguay recovers 10,000 fr in land and livestock; Goodseels (~30,000 fr) demands his and founds "Louvain" at Montagne Creek (Jan 1856) ‹wolski›; colas; savardan

late 1855

~30 of the best workers leave for wage work, ~20 wage suits pending in Dallas, and the dozen expelled "anarchists" found "Mutuelle" on the Fort Worth road ‹colas›

Oct–Nov 1855

District Court suits against Considérant — Ross (No. 308, 10.26), Comé (309, 11.01), Priot (310, 11.05), Bowie (311, 11.10), Despard (312, 11.10) — unpaid contractors and carters over bills topping $1,400; the colony pleads the debt belongs to the Belgian board

‹kagay› · note

[‹kagay n55›]

corrob: these specify colas's "~20 wage-lawsuits"; related land-division suits ran to 1890.

Dec 1855

Considérant petitions the Texas legislature for a land grant (~200 sections); all vacant north-Texas land is taken or "reserved to the Pacific Railroad Company"

‹hammond› · note

[‹hammond IV›]

corrob: the same squeeze burkli dates to Dec 1854.

31 Dec 1855

end of SCEAT's first financial year ‹sceat-statutes›

24 Mar 1856

Considérant returns after ~5 months in the south-west (Austin, San Antonio) to a community "on the brink of disaster" ‹cordillot›; hammond

Apr 1856

the built colony at its peak: soap and candle works, laundry, offices, kitchen, grocery, forge, the Executive Agent's cottage, two 8-apartment dormitories begun ‹hammond›

early May 1856

a late freeze: rivers frozen, hay crop and gardens destroyed; little of the replanting survives the summer

‹cordillot›; santerre; considerant-du-texas · note

[‹cordillot RtF›; santerre X; considerant-du-texas]

RESOLVED: a real event on three witnesses — distinct from the 1855–56 Northers and the Jan 1857 cold.

7 May 1856

a deliberation restores the associative centre and administrative unity; Cantagrel withdraws his resignation ‹savardan›

10 May 1856

the by-portion restaurant replaces the communist mess ‹savardan›; hammond

6 Jul 1856

Cantagrel resigns the directorship for good; Savardan resigns as councillor, secretary and cashier; Duthoya acting director ‹savardan›; cordillot

Dissolution (July 1856 – 1859)

From Considérant's flight to the receivership — the corporate end. Led by ‹savardan›, the administrative insider; the outcome independently confirmed by burkli.

8 Jul 1856

Considérant's flight — gone at dawn with Cousin, the day fixed to sign the reserved-parts settlement; never seen at Réunion again

‹savardan›; hammond✗; considerant-du-texas✗ · 2 notes

[‹savardan ⟨2975⟩›; hammond✗; considerant-du-texas✗]

diverge: hammond✗ dates it 07.07, collapsing the 07.07 agreement and the 07.08 flight. Favour 07.08.

diverge: considerant-du-texas✗ recasts it as an illness-driven withdrawal — undated, no mention of the payment due.

19 Jul 1856

the legislature's Committee on Public Lands reports against the land grant but recommends incorporation ‹hammond›

3 Aug 1856

Cantagrel leaves Réunion with his family ‹savardan›

1 Sep 1856

Texas incorporates the European and American Colonization Society (Ch. CCCX; 20 years; capital ≤ $1M; shareholders liable as general partners) — House 08.16, Senate 08.29 on Bryan's reconsideration

‹hammond›; sandell; kagay · note

[‹hammond IV / App C›; sandell II; kagay n44]

note: a domestic charter distinct from the Brussels act of 1854.09.26 — the "Sept 1 1856" of santerre's plat caption; kagay n44 pins Bill 767 (29 Jul 1856).

17 Jan 1857

Bureau arrives to take over, at 15° below zero, already overwhelmed after 48 h with Considérant at San Antonio ‹savardan›; hammond

28 Jan 1857

a notice signed Bureau declares the Société de Réunion dissolved; statutes arts. 7 and 18 violated

‹savardan› · note

[‹savardan ⟨3262⟩›]

diverge: the management's bulletin dates the dissolution 5 May 1857 ⟨63⟩. Note both.

15 Feb 1857

Cousin arrives and takes control of Bureau; Feb–Apr he liquidates — the "town of Réunion" plan, land sold at 10–20 $/acre while the bulletin advertised "4 $ at most"

‹savardan›; considerant-du-texas✗ · note

[‹savardan ⟨3336, 3559, 3759⟩›; considerant-du-texas✗]

diverge: considerant-du-texas✗ has Cousin as "the only man who could conjure away the final disaster." Executioner vs saviour.

6 Apr 1857

Cousin returns from Dallas holding Considérant's powers of attorney; the liquidation is complete

‹savardan› · open question

[‹savardan ⟨3649⟩›]

diverge: the loss — burkli ⟨II⟩ Fr. 120,000 of ~2 million invested vs savardan ⟨68⟩ ~1,800,000 fr "swallowed up." UNRESOLVED.

16 Jul 1857

the Dallas court inquires into the colony's administration; Simonin sent from New York to audit 200+ accounts

‹hammond› · note

[‹hammond VII›]

open: savardan ⟨2677⟩ has Simonin's audit ending 23 May 1856 — possibly an earlier audit. Reconcile.

6 Aug 1857

Considérant signs Du Texas at San Antonio, telling the shareholders the affairs are "resurrected"

‹considerant-du-texas› · note

[‹considerant-du-texas›]

note: Savardan's Naufrage (1858) is the page-by-page rebuttal — see considerant_savardan_correspondence.md.

fall 1857

the shareholders, two years without dividends, meet at Brussels and ask for a receiver ‹santerre›

autumn 1857

Savardan leaves Réunion; the "Nuremberg" building becomes the colony store

‹savardan› · note

[‹savardan ⟨924, 3551⟩›]

note: burkli ⟨II⟩ confirms the outcome — Considérant bought the West-Texas tract, refused further funds, dissolved the East-Texas provisorium.

15 Oct 1857

the first colonist town lot from Sarah Cockrell: Ferdinand Michel, 3½ acres (Vol. G p. 2) — the move into Dallas begins in the deed record ‹sandell›; deeds

6 Jan 1858

an amendatory Texas act (Ch. 32) limits shareholder liability to capital subscribed ‹hammond›

1858

receivership: Michel Thévenet and Alexandre Bessard appointed to liquidate; stockholding colonists take land at $4/acre — Reverchon, Crétien, Gouffé, DeLord, Rémond, Loupot, Santerre, J.P. Henri

‹santerre›; sandell; cordillot✗ · 3 notes, one open

[‹santerre XI›; sandell II; cordillot✗]

RESOLVED: sandell independently attests the receivers and the same eight buyers.

diverge: mechanism — savardan's Cousin sales at 10–20 $/acre (1857) vs sandell's Thévenet sales at 12½¢/$ through Gaston & Thomas under Cantagrel (c.1860). Read as successive phases; a deed-record question. UNRESOLVED.

diverge: cordillot✗ omits Thévenet and has Bessard appointed after Bureau's death (1859), asked in 1861 to sell the remainder and repatriate the money.

17 Feb 1858

Cockrell to P.P. Frichot, 2 acres (G/313) ‹sandell›; deeds

1859

the county tax roll: eleven colonists own rural land — P.P. Frichot 266 acres, the Goetseels 86 and 86, Bessard 78⅞, Farine 160, the Reverchons 50, Nussbaumer 34, Boll and his father 13 and 149; the townsite has a blacksmith, a mechanic's shop, a store, a hotel, a bootmaker and a tailor ‹sandell›; deeds

27 Jun 1859

Cockrell to Michel again, 2¾ acres (F/664) ‹sandell›; deeds

31 Oct 1859

Bureau dies at Kellum Springs, of cholera contracted at Houston on a buying trip for the colony store; his family returns to France ‹cordillot›

1 Nov 1859

Considérant takes title in his own name to Griffin and S.M. Williams tracts (J/111, K/174; recorded 1866–67) ‹deeds›

Fire and war (1860–1865)

1860

the receivers sell colony assets at 12½ cents on the dollar through the Gaston & Thomas bank (J.B. Adoué agent), under Cantagrel's direction

‹sandell› · open question

[‹sandell III›]

diverge: savardan has Cousin selling at 10–20 $/acre in 1857 — successive phases, or the same sales twice told; a deed-record question. UNRESOLVED.

18 Jul 1860

the Dallas fire burns the south and west sides of the square; the rebuild pulls the colonists into the city as its building workforce (Crétien, the Frichots' brick business)

‹sandell› · note

[‹sandell III›]

note: no colonist business is on the burned list; the significance is demand — sandell's George-Crétien interview supplies the link.

summer 1860

the federal census: Dallas County 8,665 (821 enslaved), the town about 2,000; 173 foreign-born, most of them ex-colonists, 63% of their household heads in a trade; the Réunion-area run at Palace Hill, 46 households, ends just before Jean Priot ‹census1860›; sandell

1861

Lanotte runs the colony store until the war; Nussbaumer buys the communal stove for his Dallas abattoir; Capy rents the forge ‹santerre›; sandell

1861

the Civil War begins; the company dissolved, the un-naturalized colonists take a neutral stand under a general exemption (Girard wounded; Capt. Cochran parleys)

‹santerre›; sandell; kagay · 2 notes

[‹santerre XI/XII›; sandell IV; kagay]

note: the receivers' last sales are taken in Confederate money; Bessard carries it to Belgium, where the shareholders refuse it and pursue colonists' European property.

note: the enlistments follow below; the full register is src/colonists/offices.py.

11 Nov 1861

Cockrell to Charles Capy, 1 acre (L/519); Capy had moved into the city in 1860 and married Nativa Charpentier that year ‹sandell›; lewis1892

Jan 1862

Henri Boll enlists — the commissary department, sent back for cattle in the spring, Burford's regiment to January 1863, then Post Waco to the end; Achille Frichot joins Co. B, 19th Texas Cavalry the same year ‹santerre›; lewis1892

16 May 1862

25 colonists petition the Governor for reimbursement of firearms seized by Darnell's Regiment

‹sandell› · note

[‹sandell IV›]

diverge: Sandell's text says 16 May; her footnote to the document (TSA box 301-40, no. 21) says 16 March 1862. The 25 signatures are not in any source held here.

1862

Goetsels moves from Mountain Creek into Dallas with several Belgians — the end of Louvain ‹sandell›

21 Mar 1863

Émile Rémond volunteers: Co. B, 19th Texas Cavalry, then Pratt's Battery as colour-bearer; Louckx enlists in Co. F, Waller's Battalion the same year, for two years ‹cordillot›; santerre; lewis1892

1863

Cantagrel returns to Europe ‹santerre›

1863

the six-month state levy: Pierre-Philippe and Christophe-Désiré Frichot in Co. H, 3rd Texas Infantry State Troops (1863–64); Louis Reinhardt in Good's Dallas Light Artillery, state troops; Charles and Alfred Voirin and Julius Royer already in Darnell's 18th Texas Cavalry

‹nps› · note

[‹nps›]

note: none of this is in a narrative source; from the NARA M227 name index via nps.gov.

1864

Joseph Charpentier, shoemaker, killed at the old Trinity ford by renegades — the war's one colonist death by violence

‹sandell›; lewis1892 · note

[‹sandell II/IV›; lewis1892]

note: Capy's 1892 sketch dates his father-in-law's death 1864; Sandell only "during the war."

24 Jul 1864

Julien Reverchon marries Marie Henri, Paul Henri's daughter ‹lewis1892›

1865

Confederate defeat; La Réunion "little more than a ghost town" of scattered farms; within a few years ex-colonists hold Dallas property assessed at ~$37,000 ‹kagay›; sandell

Reconstruction — the colonists at city hall (1866–1871)

1866

the Santerres move into the big house on the land from the liquidation, at today's Colorado and Westmoreland [‹cordillot›]; Dominique Boulay leaves for Louisiana, to farm there until 1882 lewis1892

25 Jul 1866

Cockrell to A.J. Gouffré, 8 acres (J/300); December 17, to Michel, 1½ acres (J/428) ‹sandell›; deeds

2 Mar 1867

First Reconstruction Act; military appointees displace ex-Confederate officials and ex-colonists (none ever slaveholders) are appointed across Dallas government — Gouffré* county Treasurer (11.1867), Long* (06.1868), Thévenet* (11.1868) ‹sandell›; kagay

1867

Louckx returns to Dallas from Fort Worth and marries Mary Desmet, the colony doctor's daughter, at Weatherford; the Swiss begin arriving again ahead of Long's trip — Henry Noetzli (1867), Rosina Getzer (1867) ‹lewis1892›

2 Jun 1868

Ben Long appointed District Clerk of the county, superseding Spillman ‹brown1892›; sandell

4 Jun 1868

the memorial for a Trinity-navigation tax is signed by the colony's Dallas men — Long first, Thévenet, the Bolls, J.F. and Alexius Barbier, Louckx, Gouffé, the Van Grinderbecks, Frick, Julien Reverchon, Priot, Poitevin, Nussbaumer — and by an "F. L. Churignon"

‹brown1892› · note

[‹brown1892›]

note: Churignon is very probably Thuvignon, Willemet's real name, in print; the manuscript would settle it (src/findings.md).

Sep 1868

Gen. Reynolds appoints the city slate: Mayor Ben Long, Marshal John F. Barbier, Asst Marshal Alexis Barbier*, Treasurer Gouffré*, Alderman Boll* (resigns at the first meeting, not a resident; eventually John Loupot*) ‹sandell›; kagay

fall 1868

Michel Thévenet* appointed District Clerk, following Long ‹brown1892›; sandell

Dec 1868–Feb 1869

Nussbaumer* contracts and completes the grading of Main Street ($250) — the colonist council's first public work ‹sandell›

4 Oct 1869

Jean Loupot* marries Rosina Getzer; four years keeping a bar and bakery in Dallas and building, the Odd Fellows' Hall (1872) among the buildings ‹lewis1892›

1 Apr 1870

Mayor Long* resigns to visit Europe and Henry S. Ervay is appointed; Long returns with ~35 Swiss settlers, the second wave that builds East Dallas

‹brown1892›; sandell · note

[‹brown1892›; sandell IV]

diverge: sandell has the trip announced 4 Apr 1870 with Ervay pro tem, and its own dates conflict — 1869 [V], 1870 [IV], 1870–71 [II]. Fretz, one of the party, dates its arrival 3 Dec 1870, 27 people [dmn 1924.11.23]. Favour 1870 trip, return December 1870. RESOLVED.

19 Nov 1870

F.L. Willemet* joins the council; over 1870–73 the colonist council lays out east-side streets (Barbier St, 1871.02.15) and picks the city burial ground ‹sandell›

Mar–Apr 1871

the council selects 9 acres of Nussbaumer* land (Jefferson Peak Addition) for the H&TC depot, voters approving 167–11 ($14,650); Boll* City Treasurer (05.01)

‹sandell› · note

[‹sandell IV›]

diverge: Boll's own 1892 sketch has him "elected City and County Treasurer" in 1869, for three or four years [lewis1892✗].

The railroad city (1872–1875)

16 Jul 1872

the Houston & Texas Central reaches Dallas (pop. ~3,000 → ~7,000; Nussbaumer* donated the station land); 725 buildings rise in 1873 ‹sandell›; santerre

5–8 Nov 1872

first election under Reconstruction: Long* elected mayor 348–246; Capy* (1st Ward) and Thévenet* (3rd Ward) aldermen; Boll* Treasurer on Long's casting vote ‹sandell›; kagay

1873

the colonist council's boom-town year: ordinances published (06.15), a Pest House against smallpox (02.13), the hospital-ladies commendation that seeds Parkland (02.25); then a charter dispute with Austin drives 7 of 8 councilmen (Capy*, Thévenet*) to resign ‹sandell›

8 Apr 1874

W.L. Cabell defeats Long* for mayor; city hall passes to the railroad-era newcomers ‹sandell›

1875

Cantagrel authorized to sell the last colony assets [‹sandell II›]; Willemet* elected alderman, Ward 1 (04.10), the last colonist on the council until 1885

sandell · open question

[sandell IV]

diverge: sandell II has Willemet on council 1870–75 continuously, sandell IV a gap then the 1875 election; findings.md gives the 1875–76 seat to Capy*. UNRESOLVED — check the minute.

31 Dec 1875

SCEAT charter duration concludes

‹sceat-statutes› · note

[‹sceat-statutes›]

diverge: hammond's reprint says 31 Dec 1874; the Texas act runs 20 years to 1876. Two charters, two durations.

Afterlives (1879–1901)

1879

Rémond returns from Hutchins to his Dallas property and resumes the clay and soil analysis that seeds the cement industry ‹sandell›

1884–1885

Louckx* on the first Dallas school board (1884) and alderman, Ward 1 (1885–90); Louckx builds Sacred Heart, Knopfli & Sons raise "the first skyscraper" (Poydras & Main), Priot* builds the brick post office ‹sandell›

12 May 1889

Mayor Connor presents Boll* a testimonial signed by 130 citizens ‹sandell›

27 Dec 1893

Victor Considérant dies in France ‹santerre›; kagay

1901

the Texas Portland Cement Co. organized (James T. Taylor et al.) on Rémond's research; the chalk under the townsite becomes the cement industry

‹sandell›; dmn✗ · note

[‹sandell III›; dmn✗]

diverge: the company was already drilling a well "four miles from the city" in April 1900 and taking Fuqua's Laughlin and Coombs tracts in July 1900 [dmn 1900.04.05, 1900.07.01] — organized by 1900, not 1901.